--- acct/ac.1 +++ acct/ac.1 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ .TH AC 1 "2010 August 16" .SH NAME -ac \- print statistics about users' connect time +ac \- print statistics about users' connect time .SH SYNOPSIS .hy 0 .na @@ -38,18 +38,18 @@ ac \- print statistics about users' connect time .B \-\-all-days ] .br -[ -.B \-\-complain +[ +.B \-\-complain ] [ -.B \-\-reboots +.B \-\-reboots ] [ .B \-\-supplants ] .br [ -.B \-\-timewarps +.B \-\-timewarps ] [ .B \-\-compatibility @@ -76,59 +76,39 @@ ac \- print statistics about users' connect time [ .B \-V | -.B \-\-version +.B \-\-version ] [ .B \-h | -.B \-\-help +.B \-\-help ] .ad b .hy 1 .SH DESCRIPTION .LP -.B ac +.B ac prints out a report of connect time (in hours) based on the logins/logouts in the current .I wtmp file. A total is also printed out. .LP -The accounting file -.I wtmp -is maintained by -.BR init (8) -and -.BR login (1). -Neither +Although +GNU .B ac -nor -.B login -creates the -.I wtmp -if it doesn't exist, no accounting is done. To begin accounting, create -the file with a length of zero. -.LP -NOTE: The -.I wtmp -file can get really big, really fast. You might want to trim it every -once and a while. -.LP -GNU -.B ac -works nearly the same UNIX -.BR ac , -though it's a little -smarter in several ways. You should therefore expect differences in -the output of GNU +works nearly the same as +.BR ac 's +on other systems, it is a little smarter in several ways. +You should therefore expect differences in +the output of GNU .B ac -and the output of -.BR ac 's +and the output of +.BR ac 's on other systems. Use the command .BI info " accounting" to get additional information. .SH OPTIONS -.PD 0 .TP .B \-d, \-\-daily-totals Print totals for each day rather than just one big total at the @@ -150,21 +130,21 @@ everything-lumped-into-one value. It looks like: .TP .I people Print out the sum total of the connect time used by all of the -users included in -.I people. -Note that +users included in +.I people. +Note that .I people is a space separated list of valid user names; wildcards are not allowed. .TP .BI "\-f, \-\-file " filename -Read from the file +Read from the file .I filename -instead of the system's +instead of the system's .I wtmp file. .TP .B \-\-complain -When the +When the .I wtmp file has a problem (a time-warp, missing record, or whatever), print out an appropriate error. @@ -173,14 +153,14 @@ whatever), print out an appropriate error. Reboot records are NOT written at the time of a reboot, but when the system restarts; therefore, it is impossible to know exactly when the reboot occurred. Users may have been logged into the -system at the time of the reboot, and many +system at the time of the reboot, and many .B ac's -automatically -count the time between the login and the reboot record -against the user (even though all of that time shouldn't be, perhaps, +automatically +count the time between the login and the reboot record +against the user (even though all of that time shouldn't be, perhaps, if the system is down for a long time, for instance). If you want to -count this time, include the flag. -*For vanilla +count this time, include the flag. +*For vanilla .B ac compatibility, include this flag.* .TP @@ -191,8 +171,8 @@ you want to include the time from the user's login to the next login on the terminal (though probably incorrect), include this you want to include the time from the user's login to the next login on the terminal (though probably incorrect), include this -flag. -*For vanilla +flag. +*For vanilla .B ac compatibility, include this flag.* .TP @@ -216,9 +196,9 @@ this flag, time accrued during those intervening days gets listed under the next day where there is login activity. .TP .BI \-\-tw-leniency " num" -Set the time warp leniency to -.I num -seconds. Records in +Set the time warp leniency to +.I num +seconds. Records in .I wtmp files might be slightly out of order (most notably when two logins occur within a one-second period - the second one gets written first). @@ -228,8 +208,8 @@ problem, time is not assigned to users unless the flag is used. .TP .BI \-\-tw-suspicious " num" -Set the time warp suspicious value to -.I num +Set the time warp suspicious value to +.I num seconds. If two records in the .I wtmp file are farther than this number of seconds apart, there is a problem @@ -251,7 +231,7 @@ The default is to suppress printing. Print verbose internal information. .TP .B \-V, \-\-version -Print the version number of +Print the version number of .B ac to standard output and quit. .TP @@ -261,17 +241,19 @@ standard output and exits. .SH FILES .I wtmp .RS -The system wide login record file. See +The system wide login record file. See .BR wtmp (5) for further details. -.LP - .SH AUTHOR The GNU accounting utilities were written by Noel Cragg -. The man page was adapted from the accounting +. The man page was adapted from the accounting texinfo page by Susan Kleinmann . .SH "SEE ALSO" +.BR last (1), +.BR lastcomm (1), .BR login (1), +.BR acct (5), .BR wtmp (5), +.BR accton (8), .BR init (8), .BR sa (8) --- acct/accounting.texi +++ acct/accounting.texi @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ approved by the Foundation. @node Top, Preface, (dir), (dir) Welcome to the GNU Accounting Utilities! If you don't have a clue about -the accounting utilities, read the introduction. For specfic +the accounting utilities, read the introduction. For specific information about any of the applications, see the chapter with the program's name. @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ users and charge them through the nose for their CPU time...'' The accounting utilities were born. -Seriously though, the accouting utilities can provide a system +Seriously though, the accounting utilities can provide a system administrator with useful information about system usage---connections, programs executed, and utilization of system resources. @@ -152,13 +152,12 @@ the run state of each command. With @code{last}, you can search the @item sa summarizes the information in the @code{acct} file into the @code{savacct} and @code{usracct} file. It also -generates reports about commands, giving the number of invocations, cpu +generates reports about commands, giving the number of invocations, CPU time used, average core usage, etc. @item dump-acct @itemx dump-utmp display @code{acct} and @code{utmp} files in a human-readable format. - @end table For more detailed information on any of these programs, check the @@ -172,7 +171,7 @@ and have different names for every variant of u*x that exists. The name process accounting file might be @code{acct} or @code{pacct} on your system. To find the actual locations and names of these files on your system, specify the @code{--help} flag to any of the programs in this -package and the information will dumped to standard output. +package and the information will be dumped to standard output. Regardless of the names and locations of files on your system, this manual will refer to the login accounting file as @code{wtmp} and the @@ -249,7 +248,7 @@ Original Linux kernel accounting patches. @item Scott Crosby Suggested idea behind @code{--sort-real-time} for @code{sa}. -@item Solar Designer +@item Solar Designer Added code for @code{--ahz} flag in @code{lastcomm} and @code{sa}. @item Dirk Eddelbuettel @@ -281,7 +280,7 @@ Noticed missing GNU-standard makefile rules. Noticed install target was missing, and corrected a typo for prefix in Makefile.in. -@item Ian Murdock +@item Ian Murdock Tracked down miscellaneous bugs in sa.c under Linux. Added Debian package maintenance files. @@ -318,7 +317,7 @@ the file with a length of zero. Note that the @code{wtmp} file can get really big, really fast. You might want to trim it every once and a while. -GNU @code{ac} works nearly the same u*x @code{ac}, though it's a little +GNU @code{ac} works nearly the same as u*x @code{ac}, though it's a little smarter in its printing out of daily totals---it actually prints @emph{every} day, rather than skipping to the date of the next entry in the @code{wtmp} file. @@ -455,7 +454,7 @@ standard output. For no fault of @code{ac}'s, if two logins occur at the same time (within a second of each other), each @code{login} process will try to write an entry to the @code{wtmp} file. With file system -overhead, it is forseeable that the entries would get written in the +overhead, it is foreseeable that the entries would get written in the wrong order. GNU @code{ac} automatically compensates for this, but some other @code{ac}s may not... beware. @@ -508,8 +507,8 @@ largest timewarp was 45. Some @code{ac}'s on System V machines (I've tried SGI Indigo & SGI Indy) forget to pay attention to the @code{ut_type} field in a @code{struct -utmp}. As such, they chalk up a lot of time to non-existant processes -called @code{LOGIN} or @code{runlevel}. +utmp}. As such, they chalk up a lot of time to non-existent processes +called @code{LOGIN} or @code{runlevel}. @noindent @strong{TANGIBLE RESULT:} The amount of total time reported by the @@ -533,7 +532,6 @@ accounting information in @var{accountingfile}, use: @section Flags @table @code - @item -V @itemx --version Print @code{accton}'s version number. @@ -548,7 +546,6 @@ Turns on process accounting using the default accounting file. @item off Turns off process accounting. - @end table @c ---------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -686,14 +683,16 @@ The output fields are labeled as follows: @table @code -@item cpu -sum of system and user time in cpu seconds +@item cp +sum of system and user CPU time in minutes +(unless @code{-j} or @code{--print-seconds} is specified) @item re -``real time'' in cpu seconds +real time in minutes +(unless @code{-j} or @code{--print-seconds} is specified) @item k -cpu-time averaged core usage, in 1k units +CPU time averaged core usage, in 1 KB units @item avio average number of I/O operations per execution @@ -702,23 +701,24 @@ average number of I/O operations per execution total number of I/O operations @item k*sec -cpu storage integral (kilo-core seconds) +CPU storage integral (kilo-core seconds) @item u -user cpu time in cpu seconds +user CPU time in minutes +(unless @code{-j} or @code{--print-seconds} is specified) @item s -system time in cpu seconds - +system time in minutes +(unless @code{-j} or @code{--print-seconds} is specified) @end table Note that these column titles do not appear in the first row of the table, but after each numeric entry (as units of measurement) in every -row. For example, you might see @code{79.29re}, meaning 79.29 cpu -seconds of ``real time.'' +row. For example, you might see @code{79.29re}, meaning 79.29 minutes +or seconds of real time. An asterisk will appear after the name of commands that forked but -didn't call @code{exec}. +didn't do an exec. @section Flags @@ -733,7 +733,6 @@ version of @code{sa} will not support the @code{--sort-cpu-avmem}, In short, all of these flags may not be available on your machine. @table @code - @item -a @itemx --list-all-names Force @code{sa} not to sort those command names with unprintable @@ -773,16 +772,16 @@ call. @item -k @itemx --sort-cpu-avmem -Sort the output by cpu time average memory usage. +Sort the output by CPU time averaged memory usage. @item -K @itemx --sort-ksec -Print and sort the output by the cpu-storage integral. +Print and sort the output by the CPU-storage integral. @item -l @itemx --separate-times Print separate columns for system and user time; usually the two are -added together and listed as @code{cpu}. +added together and listed as @code{cp}. @item -m @itemx --user-summary @@ -816,7 +815,7 @@ Merge the summarized accounting data into the summary files @itemx --print-ratio For each entry, print the ratio of real time to the sum of system and user times. If the sum of system and user times is too small to -report---the sum is zero---@code{*ignore*} will appear in this field. +report, @code{*ignore*} will appear in this field. @item -u @itemx --print-users @@ -837,13 +836,7 @@ whether or not that command forked. Therefore, GNU @code{sa} lumps this information together unless this option is specified. @item --sort-real-time -Sort the output by the ``real time'' (elapsed time) for each command. - -@item --ahz @var{hz} -Use this flag to tell the program what @code{AHZ} should be (in hertz). -This option is useful if you are trying to view an @code{acct} file -created on another machine which has the same byte order and file format -as your current machine, but has a different value for @code{AHZ}. +Sort the output by the real time field. @item --debug Print verbose internal information. @@ -856,6 +849,24 @@ Print @code{sa}'s version number. @itemx --help Print @code{sa}'s usage string and default locations of system files to standard output. + +@item --other-usracct-file @var{filename} +Write summaries by user ID to @var{filename} rather than the system's +default @var{usracct} file. + +@item --other-savacct-file @var{filename} +Write summaries by command name to @var{filename} rather than the system's +default @var{savacct} file. + +@item --other-acct-file @var{filename} +Read from the file @var{filename} instead of the system's +default @var{pacct} file. + +@item --ahz @var{hz} +Use this flag to tell the program what @code{AHZ} should be (in hertz). +This option is useful if you are trying to view an @code{acct} file +created on another machine which has the same byte order and file format +as your current machine, but has a different value for @code{AHZ}. @end table @strong{Note}: if more than one sorting option is specified, the list @@ -873,7 +884,7 @@ out commands when combined with the @code{--user-summary} or @code{--print-users} flags. GNU @code{sa} pays attention to these flags if they are applicable. -@subsection mips sa +@subsection MIPS sa The average memory use is stored as a short rather than a double, so we suffer from round-off errors. GNU @code{sa} uses double the whole way @@ -926,7 +937,6 @@ process id @item ac_ppid parent's process id - @end table All times will be given in platform dependent units (``@code{AHZ}''). @@ -966,7 +976,6 @@ Useful to convert between different Linux file formats (see below). @itemx --help Print @code{dump-acct}'s usage string and default location of the accouning file to standard output. - @end table @code{--byteswap} and @code{--format} options are only available with @@ -987,9 +996,9 @@ setting. @c ---------------------------------------------------------------------- @c @node Index, , dump-acct, Top @c @unnumbered Index -@c +@c @c @printindex cp -@c +@c @contents --- acct/accton.8 +++ acct/accton.8 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ .TH ACCTON 8 "2008 November 24" .SH NAME -accton \- turns process accounting on or off +accton \- turns process accounting on or off .SH SYNOPSIS .hy 0 .na @@ -13,25 +13,26 @@ accton \- turns process accounting on or off [ .B \-V | -.B \-\-version +.B \-\-version ] [ .B \-h | .B \-\-help ] +.ad b +.hy 1 .SH DESCRIPTION .LP .B accton .I filename turns on process accounting. .SH OPTIONS -.PD 0 .TP .TP .B \-V, \-\-version Print the version number of -.B ac +.B accton to standard output and quit. .TP .B \-h, \-\-help @@ -46,16 +47,18 @@ Turns off process accounting. .SH FILES .TP .I acct -The system wide process accounting file. See +The system wide process accounting file. See .BR acct (5) -(or -.BR pacct (5)) for further details. .LP .SH AUTHOR The GNU accounting utilities were written by Noel Cragg -. The man page was adapted from the accounting +. The man page was adapted from the accounting texinfo page by Susan Kleinmann . .SH "SEE ALSO" +.BR ac (1), +.BR last (1), +.BR lastcomm (1), +.BR acct (2), .BR acct (5), -.BR ac (1) +.BR sa (8). --- acct/last.1 +++ acct/last.1 @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ last \- list logins on the system .hy 0 .na .TP -.B last -[ +.B last +[ .BI \- "num" | .BI \-n " num" @@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ last \- list logins on the system .BI \-f " filename" | .BI \-\-file " filename" -] +] .br [ .I people ... -] +] [ .I ttys ... -] +] .br [ .B \-\-complain @@ -94,72 +94,69 @@ last \- list logins on the system .ad b .SH DESCRIPTION .B last -looks through the file +looks through the file .I wtmp (which records all logins/logouts) and prints information about connect times of users. Records are printed from most recent to least recent. Records can be specified by tty and username. -tty names can be abbreviated: +tty names can be abbreviated: .ce -.BR last " 0" +.BR last " 0" .ce 0 -is equivalent to +is equivalent to .ce .BR last " tty0." .ce 0 .LP -Multiple arguments can be specified: +Multiple arguments can be specified: .ce .BR last " root console" .ce 0 -will print all of the entries for the user -.I root -and all entries logged in on the +will print all of the entries for the user +.I root +and all entries logged in on the .I console tty. .LP -The special users -.IR reboot " and " shutdown +The special users +.IR reboot " and " shutdown log in when the system reboots or -(surprise) shuts down. +(surprise) shuts down. .ce -.BR last " reboot" +.BR last " reboot" .ce 0 will produce a record of reboot times. .LP -If -.B last +If +.B last is interrupted by a quit signal, it prints out how far its search -in the +in the .I wtmp file had reached and then quits. .SH OPTIONS -.PD 0 .TP .BI \-n " num, " \-\-lines " num " -Limit the number of lines that -.B last -outputs. This is different from u*x -.B last, -which lets you specify the number right after a dash. +Limit the number of lines that +.B last +outputs. .TP .BI \-f " filename, " \-\-file " filename" -Read from the file +Read from the file .I filename -instead of the system's +instead of the system's .I wtmp file. .TP .B \-\-complain -When the +When the .I wtmp file has a problem (a time-warp, missing record, or whatever), print out an appropriate error. .TP .BI \-\-tw-leniency " num" -Set the time warp leniency to -.I num -seconds. Records in +Set the time warp leniency to +.I num +seconds. Records in .I wtmp files might be slightly out of order (most notably when two logins occur within a one-second period - the second one gets written first). @@ -169,8 +166,8 @@ problem, time is not assigned to users unless the flag is used. .TP .BI \-\-tw-suspicious " num" -Set the time warp suspicious value to -.I num +Set the time warp suspicious value to +.I num seconds. If two records in the .I wtmp file are farther than this number of seconds apart, there is a problem @@ -180,15 +177,15 @@ file (or your machine hasn't been used in a year). If the program notices this problem, time is not assigned to users unless the .B \-\-timewarps flag is used. -.TP +.TP .B \-\-no-truncate-ftp-entries -When printing out the information, don't chop the number part off of +When printing out the information, don't chop the number part off of `ftp'XXXX entries. -.TP +.TP .B \-x, \-\-more-records Print out run level changes, shutdowns, and time changes in addition to the normal records. -.TP +.TP .B \-a, \-\-all-records Print out all records in the .I wtmp @@ -221,8 +218,8 @@ Print seconds when displaying dates. Print year when displaying dates. .TP .B \-V, \-\-version -Print -.B last's +Print +.B last's version number. .TP .B \-h, \-\-help @@ -231,13 +228,20 @@ standard output and exits. .SH FILES .I wtmp .RS -The system wide login record file. See +The system wide login record file. See .BR wtmp (5) for further details. .SH AUTHOR The GNU accounting utilities were written by Noel Cragg -. The man page was added by Dirk Eddelbuettel +. The man page was added by Dirk Eddelbuettel . .SH "SEE ALSO" +.BR ac (1), +.BR lastcomm (1), +.BR login (1), .BR who (1), -.BR wtmp (5) +.BR acct (5), +.BR wtmp (5), +.BR accton (8), +.BR init (8), +.BR sa (8) --- acct/lastcomm.1 +++ acct/lastcomm.1 @@ -1,21 +1,21 @@ .TH LASTCOMM 1 "1995 October 31" .SH NAME -lastcomm \- print out information about previously executed commands. +lastcomm \- print out information about previously executed commands. .SH SYNOPSIS .hy 0 .na .TP .B lastcomm [ -.I command-name ... +.IR command-name ... ] .br [ -.I user-name ... +.IR user-name ... ] .br [ -.I terminal-name ... +.IR terminal-name ... ] .br [ OPTION ... ] @@ -25,31 +25,31 @@ lastcomm \- print out information about previously executed commands. .LP .B lastcomm prints out information about previously executed -commands. If no arguments are specified, -.B lastcomm +commands. If no arguments are specified, +.B lastcomm will print info -about all of the commands in +about all of the commands in .I acct (the record file). If called with one or more of -.I command-name, -.I user-name, -or -.I terminal-name, -only records containing those items will be displayed. For -example, to find out which users used command `a.out' +.IR command-name , +.IR user-name , +or +.IR terminal-name , +only records containing those items will be displayed. For +example, to find out which users used command `a.out' and which users were logged into `tty0', type: .ce lastcomm a.out tty0 .ce 0 .LP -This will print any entry for which `a.out' or `tty0' -matches in any of the record's fields (command, name, or terminal). If -you want to find only items that match *all* of the arguments on the command -line, you must use the '\-strict-match' option. For example, to list -all of the executions of command -.IR a.out " by user " root " on terminal " tty0, +This will print any entry for which `a.out' or `tty0' +matches in any of the record's fields (command, name, or terminal). If +you want to find only items that match *all* of the arguments on the command +line, you must use the '\-strict-match' option. For example, to list +all of the executions of command +.IR a.out " by user " root " on terminal " tty0 , type: -.ce +.ce lastcomm \-\-strict-match \-\-command a.out \-\-user root \-\-tty tty0 .ce 0 .LP @@ -66,18 +66,17 @@ For each entry the following information is printed: + the name of the user who ran the process + time the process started .SH OPTIONS -.PD 0 .TP .B \-\-strict\-match Print only entries that match *all* of the arguments on the command line. .TP -.B \-\-print\-controls +.B \-\-print\-controls Print control characters. .TP .BI \-\-user " name" List records for user with -.I name. +.IR name . This is useful if you're trying to match a username that happens to be the same as a command (e.g., .I ed @@ -85,11 +84,11 @@ to match a username that happens to be the same as a command (e.g., .TP .BI \-\-command " name" List records for command -.I name. +.IR name . .TP .BI \-\-tty " name" List records for tty -.I name. +.IR name . .TP .BI \-\-forwards Read file forwards instead of backwards. This avoids trying to seek on the file @@ -98,10 +97,10 @@ and can be used to read from a pipe. This must be specified prior to any arguments. .TP .BI \-f " filename, " \-\-file " filename" -Read from the file -.I filename +Read from the file +.I filename instead of -.I acct. +.IR acct . A filename of "-" will result in reading from stdin. This must either be the first .BI \-f @@ -119,7 +118,7 @@ an .I acct file created on another machine which has the same byte order and file format as your current machine, but has a different value for -.B AHZ. +.BR AHZ . .TP .B \-p, \-\-show\-paging Print paging statistics. @@ -138,7 +137,7 @@ Print verbose internal information. .TP .B \-V, \-\-version Print the version number of -.B lastcomm. +.BR lastcomm . .TP .B \-h, \-\-help Prints the usage string and default locations of system files to @@ -157,13 +156,15 @@ for further details. This directory contains pacct files which contain the binary process accounting data as written by the kernel. .RE -.LP .SH AUTHOR The GNU accounting utilities were written by Noel Cragg . The man page was adapted from the accounting texinfo page by Susan Kleinmann . .SH "SEE ALSO" +.BR ac (1), .BR last (1), -.BR acct (5) +.BR acct (5), +.BR accton (8), +.BR sa (8). --- acct/sa.8 +++ acct/sa.8 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ .TH SA 8 "1997 August 19" .SH NAME -sa \- summarizes accounting information +sa \- summarizes accounting information .SH SYNOPSIS .hy 0 .na @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ sa \- summarizes accounting information [ .B \-b | -.B \-\-sort-sys-user-div-calls +.B \-\-sort-sys-user-div-calls ] .br [ @@ -132,15 +132,12 @@ sa \- summarizes accounting information [ .B \-h | -.B \-\-help +.B \-\-help ] .br [ .BI "\-\-other-usracct-file " filename ] -[ -.BI \-\-ahz " hz" -] .br [ .BI "\-\-other-savacct-file " filename @@ -148,104 +145,127 @@ sa \- summarizes accounting information .br [ [ -.B "\-\-other-acct-file " +.B "\-\-other-acct-file " ] .I filename ] +[ +.BI \-\-ahz " hz" +] +.ad b +.hy 1 .SH DESCRIPTION .LP .B sa summarizes information about previously executed commands as -recorded in the +recorded in the .I acct file. In addition, it condenses this data into a summary file named .I savacct -which contains the number of times the command was called and the system -resources used. The information can also be summarized on a per-user -basis; +which contains the number of times the command was called and the system +resources used. The information can also be summarized on a per-user +basis; .B sa will save this information into a file named -.I usracct. +.IR usracct . .LP -If no arguments are specified, -.B sa -will print information about all of the commands in the +If no arguments are specified, +.B sa +will print information about all of the commands in the .I acct -file. +file. .LP -If called with a file name as the last argument, -.B sa +If called with a file name as the last argument, +.B sa will use that file instead of the system's default .I acct file. .LP -By default, -.B sa -will sort the output by sum of user and system time. -If command names have unprintable characters, or are only called once, -.B sa +By default, +.B sa +will sort the output by sum of user and system time. +If command names have unprintable characters, or are only called once, +.B sa will sort them into a group called `***other'. If more than one sorting option is specified, the list will be sorted by the one specified last on the command line. .LP The output fields are labeled as follows: .TP -.I cpu - sum of system and user time in cpu minutes +.hy 0 +.I cp +sum of system and user CPU time in minutes (unless +.B -j +or +.B --print-seconds +is specified) .TP .I re - "elapsed time" in minutes +elapsed time in minutes (unless +.B -j +or +.B --print-seconds +is specified) .TP .I k - cpu-time averaged core usage, in 1k units +CPU time averaged core usage, in 1k units .TP .I avio - average number of I/O operations per execution +average number of I/O operations per execution .TP .I tio - total number of I/O operations +total number of I/O operations .TP .I k*sec - cpu storage integral (kilo-core seconds) +CPU storage integral (kilo-core seconds) .TP .I u - user cpu time in cpu seconds +user CPU time in minutes (unless +.B -j +or +.B --print-seconds +is specified) .TP .I s - system time in cpu seconds +system CPU time in minutes (unless +.B -j +or +.B --print-seconds +is specified) +.hy 1 .LP Note that these column titles do not appear in the first row of the table, but after each numeric entry (as units of measurement) in every -row. For example, you might see `79.29re', meaning 79.29 cpu seconds -of "real time". +row. For example, you might see `79.29re', meaning 79.29 minutes or seconds +of elapsed time. .LP -An asterisk will appear after the name of commands that forked but didn't call -.B exec. +An asterisk will appear after the name of commands that forked but didn't do +.BR exec . .LP -GNU +GNU .B sa takes care to implement a number of features not found in other versions. -For example, most versions of -.B sa -don't pay attention to flags like `\-\-print-seconds' and -`\-\-sort-num-calls' when printing out commands when combined with -the `\-\-user-summary' or `\-\-print-users' flags. GNU -.B sa +For example, most versions of +.B sa +don't pay attention to flags like `\-\-print-seconds' and +`\-\-sort-num-calls' when combined with +the `\-\-user-summary' or `\-\-print-users' flags. GNU +.B sa pays attention to these flags if they are applicable. Also, MIPS' .B sa stores the average memory use as a short rather than a double, resulting -in some round-off errors. GNU -.B sa +in some round-off errors. GNU +.B sa uses double the whole way through. .SH OPTIONS .LP The availability of these program options depends on your operating system. In specific, the members that appear in the .B struct acct -of your system's process accounting header file (usually -.I acct.h -) determine which flags will be present. For example, if your system's +of your system's process accounting header file (usually +.IR acct.h ) +determine which flags will be present. For example, if your system's .B struct acct doesn't have the `ac_mem' field, the installed version of @@ -257,10 +277,10 @@ In short, all of these flags may not be available on your machine. .TP .PD 0 .B \-a, \-\-list-all-names -Force -.B sa -not to sort those command names with unprintable characters and those -used only once into the +Force +.B sa +not to sort those command names with unprintable characters and those +used only once into the .I ***other group. .TP @@ -291,14 +311,14 @@ file. Instead of printing total minutes for each category, print seconds per call. .TP .B \-k, \-\-sort-cpu-avmem -Sort the output by cpu time average memory usage. +Sort the output by CPU time averaged memory usage. .TP .B \-K, \-\-sort-ksec -Print and sort the output by the cpu-storage integral. +Print and sort the output by the CPU-storage integral. .TP .B \-l, \-\-separate-times Print separate columns for system and user time; usually the two -are added together and listed as `cpu'. +are added together and listed as `cp'. .TP .B \-m, \-\-user-summary Print the number of processes and number of CPU minutes on a @@ -321,77 +341,77 @@ Sort output items in reverse order. Merge the summarized accounting data into the summary files .I savacct and -.I usracct. +.IR usracct . .TP .B \-t, \-\-print-ratio For each entry, print the ratio of real time to the sum of system and user times. If the sum of system and user times is too small -to report--the sum is zero--`*ignore*' will appear in this field. +to report, `*ignore*' will appear in this field. .TP .B \-u, \-\-print-users For each command in the accounting file, print the userid and command name. After printing all entries, quit. *Note*: this flag supersedes all others. .TP -.BI \-v " num " \-\-threshold " num" -Print commands which were executed -.I num +.BI \-v " num" ", \-\-threshold" " num" +Print commands which were executed +.I num times or fewer and await a reply from the terminal. If the response begins with `y', add the command to the `**junk**' group. -.TP +.TP .B \-\-separate-forks It really doesn't make any sense to me that the stock version of -.B sa +.B sa separates statistics for a particular executable depending on -whether or not that command forked. Therefore, GNU -.B sa +whether or not that command forked. Therefore, GNU +.B sa lumps this information together unless this option is specified. .TP -.BI \-\-ahz " hz" -Use this flag to tell the program what -.B AHZ -should be (in hertz). This option is useful if you are trying to view -an -.I acct -file created on another machine which has the same byte order and file -format as your current machine, but has a different value for -.B AHZ. +.BI \-\-sort-real-time +Sort the output by the real time field. .TP .B \-\-debug Print verbose internal information. .TP .B \-V, \-\-version Print the version number of -.B sa. +.BR sa . .TP .B \-h, \-\-help Prints the usage string and default locations of system files to standard output and exits. .TP -.BI \-\-sort-real-time -Sort the output by the "real time" field. -.TP .BI \-\-other-usracct-file " filename" -Write summaries by user ID to +Write summaries by user ID to .I filename rather than the system's default .I usracct file. .TP .BI \-\-other-savacct-file " filename" -Write summaries by command name to +Write summaries by command name to .I filename rather than the system's default -.I SAVACCT +.I savacct file. .TP .BI \-\-other-acct-file " filename" -Read from the file -.I filename +Read from the file +.I filename instead of the system's default -.I ACCT +.I pacct file. +.TP +.BI \-\-ahz " hz" +Use this flag to tell the program what +.B AHZ +should be (in hertz). This option is useful if you are trying to view +an +.I acct +file created on another machine which has the same byte order and file +format as your current machine, but has a different value for +.BR AHZ . .SH FILES .TP .I acct @@ -404,22 +424,20 @@ A summary of system process accounting sorted by command. .TP .I usracct A summary of system process accounting sorted by user ID. -.RE -.LP - .SH BUGS There is not yet a wide experience base for comparing the output of GNU -.B sa +.B sa with versions of .B sa in many other systems. The problem is that the data files grow big in a short time and therefore require a lot of disk space. -.LP - .SH AUTHOR The GNU accounting utilities were written by Noel Cragg -. The man page was adapted from the accounting +. The man page was adapted from the accounting texinfo page by Susan Kleinmann . .SH "SEE ALSO" +.BR ac (1), +.BR last (1), +.BR lastcomm (1), .BR acct (5), -.BR ac (1) +.BR accton (8).