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                Frequently Asked Questions about procps

Why does "ps -aux" complain about a bogus '-'?

According to the POSIX and UNIX standards, the above command asks
to display all processes with a TTY (generally the commands users
are running) plus all processes owned by a user named "x".  If that
user doesn't exist, then ps will assume you really meant "ps aux".
The warning is given to gently break you of a habit that will cause you
trouble if a user named "x" were created.

Why don't I see SMP (per-CPU) stats in top?

You didn't enable it.  Press '?' for built-in help or read the man page.
Per-CPU stats are disabled by default because they take up too much space.
Some Linux systems have hundreds of CPUs.

Why do long usernames get printed as numbers?

The UNIX and POSIX standards require that user names and group names
be printed as decimal integers when there is not enough room in
the column.  Truncating the names, besides being a violation of the
standard, would lead to confusion between names like MichelleRichards
and MichelleRichardson.  The UNIX and POSIX way to change column width
is to rename the column:

     ps -o pid,user=CumbersomeUserNames -o comm

The easy way is to directly specify the desired width:

     ps -o pid,user:19,comm

Why is %CPU underreported for multi-threaded (Java, etc.) apps?

You need to upgrade to the 2.6.10 kernel at least.  Older kernels do
not provide a reasonable way to get this information.

Why do ps and top show threads individually?

The 2.4.xx kernel does not provide proper support for grouping threads
by process.  Hacks exist to group them anyway, but such hacks will
falsely group similar tasks and will fail to group tasks due to race
conditions.  The hacks are also slow.  As none of this is acceptable
in a critical system tool, task grouping is not currently available
for the 2.4.xx kernel.  The 2.6.xx kernel allows for proper thread
grouping and reporting.  To take advantage of this, your programs must
use a threading library that features the CLONE_THREAD flag.  The NPTL
pthreads provided by recent glibc releases use CLONE_THREAD.

What systems are supported?

Linux 2.4.xx and 2.6.xx are commonly tested and expected to work well.
SMP is well supported.  Multi-node cluster views require a multi-node
/proc filesystem; without that you will see a single-node view.

Where to I send bug reports?

You may use the Debian bug tracking system or send your report to
procps-feedback@lists.sf.net (no subscription required) instead.

Why are there so many procps projects?

The original maintainer seems to have had little time for procps.
Whatever his reasons, the project didn't get maintained.  Starting in
1997, Albert Cahalan wrote a new ps program for the package.  For the next
few years, Albert quietly helped the Debian package maintainer fix bugs.
In 2001, Rik van Riel decided to do something about what appeared to be
the lack of a maintainer.  He picked up the buggy old code in Red Hat's
CVS and started adding patches.  Meanwhile, other people have patched
procps in a great many ways.  In 2002, Albert moved procps to this site.
This was done to ensure that years of testing and bug fixes would not
be lost.  The major version number was changed to 3, partly to avoid
confusing users and partly because the top program has been redone.

Why does ps get signal 17?

No ps release has ever had this problem.  Most likely your system has been
broken into.  You might want to install a more recent version of the OS.
If you'd rather take your chances, simply upgrade procps.